Private Drinking Water

Private Drinking Water

Testing Private Drinking Water

Map of Water Sample Drop-off Locations

Public Health Ontario (PHO) runs a complimentary water testing program for residents on wells and other private systems.

Residents can pick up water sample collection kits and drop off water samples at 14 locations in Grey-Bruce.

Two of the locations – Owen Sound and Walkerton – are serviced by a PHO courier, which picks up samples daily from Monday to Friday.

The other 12 locations are serviced by a courier contracted by Grey Bruce Public Health.

These locations form two courier routes. Samples are picked up from Bruce County locations on Wednesdays and Grey County locations on Fridays. They are then transported to the Walkerton location, where the PHO courier collects them and takes them, along with the samples from Owen Sound and Walkerton, to a PHO lab in London for testing.

Please note: Water samples must be tested by PHO within 48 hours of when you collect the sample in your home to ensure sample integrity. Therefore, it’s critical that you collect the sample and drop it off at your preferred or nearest location as close to the scheduled courier pick-up time as possible. Ideally, you will do this on the scheduled pick-up day – before the courier arrives – but you can also collect the sample and drop it off the day before pick-up day.

A schedule of water sample pick-up locations and times is available at the link below.

Please click this link for water bottle pick-up and drop-off locations

2024/25 HOLIDAY SCHEDULE. Please note: The local water sample pickup/drop-off service for Public Health Ontario’s private drinking water testing program will be limited during the weeks of Dec. 23 and 30, 2024, due to the holiday season.
For the week of Dec. 23, 2024, the PHO courier will pick up samples only in Walkerton and Owen Sound and only on Dec. 23 and Dec. 27.
For the week of Dec. 30, 2024, samples will be picked up from Walkerton and Owen Sound on Dec. 30, Jan. 2, and Jan. 3. A local courier will pick up water samples on the Grey County route on Jan. 3.
Normal pickup times will resume on Jan. 6, 2025.

 

Private drinking water sources (mainly wells or surface water) have the potential to be contaminated with bacteria, viruses, parasites, chemicals, metals and minerals. Any of these may cause illness and could be fatal. Water quality can change with the seasons and be affected by weather. Public health recommends testing at least 3 times a year, after any work is done on your well or water system and after significant weather events such as a fast thaw or severe rain storm. People who use water from private supplies should know how to test their drinking water and what type of water source they have and how to protect it.

 

 

Ontario residents who use a private drinking water system (not a municipal system) can test it for bacterial contamination free of charge. Please see the grey bruce health unit video to see how to take your water sample. Tests for other contaminants (chemicals, metals, minerals) must be completed at a private laboratory.

Nitrate testing is recommended, especially if you have an infant that will be consuming the water. Nitrates above 10 milligrams per litre of water can cause a condition known as methemoglobinemia or "blue-baby syndrome" by limiting the ability of blood to carry oxygen. High nitrate levels are usually a result of fertilizing fields or septic seepage. Tests for other nitrates contaminants must be completed at a private laboratory.

Public health inspectors can help you interpret the results of bacteriological analysis and advise you on corrective measures. Please call us at 519-376-9420 or 1-800-263-3456, or email us for assistance. Public Health Ontario has lots of information on private drinking water testing.

 

Water sampling and results

Tips for taking water sample

  • wash hands before taking the sample
  • remove screen, aerator or other attachments from tap. 
  • run cold water for 2 to 3 minutes
  • disinfect the faucet with a diluted bleach solution (1 part household unscented bleach to 10 parts water)
  • run cold water for 2 – 3 minutes again. 
  • do not touch the inside of the bottle or lid do not put the lid down or rinse out the bottle (the bottle contains sodium thiosulphate to neutralize chlorine, it may cause a reaction if ingested or inhaled).
  • fill the sample bottle to the level marked on the bottle
  • attach the name label found on the bag to the bottle. place the completed form in the bag provided, and wrap the bag around the bottle (fold the top of the bag over to keep the bottle in the bag).
  • keep the blue card with a barcode sticker attached for your records and for calling in for results.

Obtaining your sample results

Water samples are sent to the London public health lab. If you have any questions about your sample submission please contact the lab.

To obtain your results:

 the toll-free interactive voice response (ivr) is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week at:

1 (877) 723-3426
tty: 1 (866) 828-2238

Key in the barcode number from the sample bottle (pin) to hear an automated message with your test results and interpretation. Please wait 3-4 days for results to be available.

 If you indicated on the form that you will pick up the report at the lab, you will need photo identification and can only pick it up during business hours. If someone is picking up the report for you, they will need photo identification

 If you indicated on the form that you want the report mailed or made no choice, the report will be mailed to the name and address written on the form.

Understanding your sample results

If you have any result other than 0 e. coli and less than 5 coliform your water is unsafe to drink! stop using your well water immediately.

 

Contact a public health inspector for more information.

 

Consider using bottled water or a municipal supply if available. Boil your water if you don’t have an alternative source. (see temporary disinfection of drinking water below).

Coliforms and e. coli

Coliforms. These bacteria are often found in animal waste and sewage, and soil and vegetation. If they are in your drinking water, it means surface water may be entering your well and your water may not be safe to drink.

Low levels of coliform bacteria (1 to 5) is considered safe in a private water supply, provided at least 3 samples have been taken over a six week period, the system is secure and is not subject to contamination (i.e. a dug or shore well).

E. coli (escherichia coli). These bacteria are normally found only in the digestive systems of people and animals. If they are in your drinking water, it usually means that animal or human waste is entering your well from a nearby source and your water is unsafe to drink without treatment.

If either of these organisms are found in your well water it could mean that you also have viruses or protozoa in your water. these are other tiny organisms that can cause human disease.

Other contaminants

PHO laboratories test for the indicators of bacterial contamination (coliforms and e. coli). The sample is not tested for any other contaminants (i.e. nitrates). This means that even if your result shows there is no bacterial contamination in your drinking water, it still may be unsafe to drink. Well aware has information on how to obtain private drinking water testing. Click here for a list of licensed labs.

Please contact the Grey Bruce Health Unit for more information.

Temporary disinfection of drinking water

If you do not have an emergency supply of water or access to bottled water or a municipal water source, you can boil your water to kill pathogenic organisms (bacteria, viruses and protozoa). Bring water to a rolling boil for 1 minute, let it cool and store it in clean containers with lids. If the water tastes “flat” you can pour it from one clean container to another a few times to improve the taste. Use boiled water or an alternative safe source for washing fruits and vegetables, cleaning teeth, making ice, etc.

Well disinfection

Your public health inspector may recommend that you disinfect your well. well disinfection can resolve some temporary problems and should always be done following construction of a new well or work on a well. Well disinfection is not a treatment system, if you have ongoing issues you should contact a well specialist and consider well rehabilitation. Well disinfection is an effective way of destroying bacteria, viruses and protozoa in the well and plumbing system.

See the Well Disinfection Tool | Public Health Ontario (Public Health Ontario) for disinfection instructions and a tool for calculating the amount of chlorine (unscented household bleach with no additives) required. If you do not know the volume of water in your well you may be able to find your well record from the moecc well record information system.

The information here is intended as a guide. If you are unsure about the process, contact a public health inspector at the Grey Bruce Health Unit or a licensed well driller who will be able to give you advice based on your well and/or carry out the process for you.

 

Water sources and wells

There are many sources of private drinking water in grey and bruce. The majority are wells drawing groundwater, but some use surface water from a lake or spring. Well owners do have certain legislated responsibilities outlined in the Wells Regulation – R.R.O. 1990, Reg. 903  (Ontario Water Resources Act).

Drinking water source protection includes ensuring that your well is properly maintained to prevent contamination of the source water. Protecting your source water by maintaining your septic system and preventing chemical contamination are very important.

The Grey Bruce region has areas of karst limestone, where water has dissolved channels and voids into the limestone creating a path for surface water to enter and contaminate deeper aquifers in the limestone. wells in areas with limestone should be carefully assessed to determine the potential to be contaminated by surface water. For more information on water sources and well types please see the private well water manual (a quick users guide).

 

Water source protection

Protecting your drinking water source is important not only in providing you and your family with safe water, but also for everyone else who is drawing water from the same source. The Ministry of Environment and Climate Change governs water source protection.

 

Protect your supply

  • Ensure your well is properly constructed and located to prevent the direct entry of surface water.
  • Periodically inspect your well to ensure that there are no obvious problems (i.e. missing cap, evidence of flooding or ground movement). contamination of drilled wells usually occurs by surface water entering through the top of the well casing.
  • Ensure that the area around the well is kept clear of debris, brush and any potential contaminants (chemical storage, pets, livestock, etc.)
  • Ensure the ground surface slopes away from your well
  • Do not use or store chemicals near your water supply
  • Maintain your septic system to prevent groundwater contamination (see septicsmart! for more information)
  • Properly abandon unused wells not being maintained for future use
  • See source protection for more information

Monitor your supply

  • Take 3-4 seasonal bacteriological water samples from your house or cottage.
  • Take additional samples if you suspect a problem, the colour, taste or smell of your water has changed, or your well has been flooded.
  • Always take a sample from a newly constructed or rehabilitated well, and anytime any work is done on the well or plumbing system
  • If you have a treatment system and well, take a raw water sample at the same time you take treated water sample, the results can alert you to problems with your well.
  • Assess your well for proper construction and monitor it.

 

Water treatment systems

Disinfection and removal of chemicals, tastes, and odors

Water treatment systems can be used to address drinking water quality or safety issues and are sometimes used as an added safety measure. If your well is considered secure you may not require treatment. Disinfection systems are designed to destroy pathogens – the bacteria and viruses that can cause illness. Most systems do not remove other substances from the water. Metals, minerals and chemicals can cause disagreeable taste and odors, staining, or leave a hard residue that can be hard on appliances and plumbing. Iron, manganese and calcium are a few examples. Hard water will increase soap and detergent usage and shorten the life of appliances that use water.

For more information on treatment systems see private well water manual (a quick users guide)

 

Links/more information

Cistern private owner

Public Health Ontario

Private well water manual (a quick users guide)

Licensed laboratories

Well water records moecc

Wells on your property - moecc

Well aware your well and how to keep you, your family and your water source safe

 

Share this page